Literature:

> Papers and Publications KEYHL M., HERRE J., SCHMIDMER Ch.

NMR Measurements on Multiple Generations Audio Coding

96th AES Convention, Amsterdam, 1994, Preprint #3803

With low bit-rate coding getting widespread in studio and consumer applications, multiple generations ("tandem") coding does become reality. It is reported that depending on the algorithms and bit-rates employed, the final sound quality may decrease seriously. The noise-to-mask ratio perceptual measurement is capable of evaluating the margin towards audibility. The results of numerous measurements on typical tandem combinations will be presented and the consequences on multiple generations coding will be discussed.